Biological Science
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Famous scientists
The following scientists have made significant discoveries in the field of Biology. Choose a scientist from the list below and create a simple biography explaining their discoveries and why they were significant.
You need to include
- basic background information
- what they discovered
- explain how that discovery made developments and advances in science
- a copy of the rubric below
- at least one picture/photograph/illustration
You need to include
- basic background information
- what they discovered
- explain how that discovery made developments and advances in science
- a copy of the rubric below
- at least one picture/photograph/illustration
Example of "explain how that discovery made developments and advances in science"
Marie Curie (A: Evaluate the contribution that international people have made to the development of science)
Marie Curie was a world famous scientist who explored radioactivity. Her discoveries lead to huge advances in medical treatment of millions of people around the world. Along with her husband and colleagues, she set up medical research facilities which have discovered and made advances in the health and cured diseases. Without her, machinery such as a common x-ray wouldn't exist. Most notably, her research has lead to treatment in cancer patients, a disease that effects 1 in 4 Australian's. Not only has she made contributions to discoveries in Science, but also the role women play in science. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first university professor and she then went on to prove to the world that women's contributions to science are significant. She proved that any girl who dreams of growing up and becoming a scientist should pursue their dream. She dedicated her whole life to science and to the point that the side effects of her experiments lead to illness and her death. She was an inspiration and a world leader, without her, medical science wouldn't be the same.
Marie Curie (A: Evaluate the contribution that international people have made to the development of science)
Marie Curie was a world famous scientist who explored radioactivity. Her discoveries lead to huge advances in medical treatment of millions of people around the world. Along with her husband and colleagues, she set up medical research facilities which have discovered and made advances in the health and cured diseases. Without her, machinery such as a common x-ray wouldn't exist. Most notably, her research has lead to treatment in cancer patients, a disease that effects 1 in 4 Australian's. Not only has she made contributions to discoveries in Science, but also the role women play in science. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first university professor and she then went on to prove to the world that women's contributions to science are significant. She proved that any girl who dreams of growing up and becoming a scientist should pursue their dream. She dedicated her whole life to science and to the point that the side effects of her experiments lead to illness and her death. She was an inspiration and a world leader, without her, medical science wouldn't be the same.
The plankton experiment
Bill Nye the science/evolution/funny/quirky guy
Questions:
1._______________________has been going on for billions of years.
2.Genes are made up of_______________________.
3.The chemistry of all living things is the same/ different.
4.DNA is considered to be the building blocks of__________________________.
5.A human has____________________chromosomes.
6. Giraffes have long necks so that they can_________________the leaves that others animals can’t.
7. Evolution by selection is a change that occurs over generations/ overnight.
8. A paleontologist is a scientist that studies ___________________________.
9. The study of life through time is called __________________________.
10. Humans have changed the environment faster/ slower than most living things can keep up.
11. A(n)____________________can show how life has changed on Earth.
12. Bird feathers and_______________________scales are made of the same things.
13. A ground sloth lived 12,000 years ago during the__________________________.
14. Natural selection is the changes of size and shape of living things in ________________________. 15.____________________was the scientist that developed the Theory of Evolution.
1._______________________has been going on for billions of years.
2.Genes are made up of_______________________.
3.The chemistry of all living things is the same/ different.
4.DNA is considered to be the building blocks of__________________________.
5.A human has____________________chromosomes.
6. Giraffes have long necks so that they can_________________the leaves that others animals can’t.
7. Evolution by selection is a change that occurs over generations/ overnight.
8. A paleontologist is a scientist that studies ___________________________.
9. The study of life through time is called __________________________.
10. Humans have changed the environment faster/ slower than most living things can keep up.
11. A(n)____________________can show how life has changed on Earth.
12. Bird feathers and_______________________scales are made of the same things.
13. A ground sloth lived 12,000 years ago during the__________________________.
14. Natural selection is the changes of size and shape of living things in ________________________. 15.____________________was the scientist that developed the Theory of Evolution.
Types of Adaptations:
Adaptations of marine organisms is an evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes increasingly well suited to living in a particular habitat. It is not a quick process! Natural selection over many generations results in helpful traits becoming more common in a population. This occurs because individuals with these traits are better adapted to the environment and therefore more likely to survive and breed.
Adaptation is also a common term to describe these helpful or adaptive traits. In other words, an adaptation is a feature of an organism that enables it to live in a particular habitat.
Different types of adaptations: Marine organisms have adapted to the great diversity of habitats and distinctive environmental conditions in the marine environment. Adaptations are many and varied but they are generally grouped into 3 main categories: structural, physiological and behavioural.
Adaptations of marine organisms is an evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes increasingly well suited to living in a particular habitat. It is not a quick process! Natural selection over many generations results in helpful traits becoming more common in a population. This occurs because individuals with these traits are better adapted to the environment and therefore more likely to survive and breed.
Adaptation is also a common term to describe these helpful or adaptive traits. In other words, an adaptation is a feature of an organism that enables it to live in a particular habitat.
Different types of adaptations: Marine organisms have adapted to the great diversity of habitats and distinctive environmental conditions in the marine environment. Adaptations are many and varied but they are generally grouped into 3 main categories: structural, physiological and behavioural.
Structural adaptations:
Structural (or morphological) adaptations are the physical features of the organism. These include things you can see, like its shape or body covering, as well as its internal organisation. Following are a few of the ways that marine organisms have adapted their physical features to suit a particular habitat.
Seawater is much denser than air – as a result, there are vast numbers of microscopic organisms suspended in it. Cockles, as well as many other bivalves, are filter feeders. They have adapted specialised siphon structures to filter these organisms and any other particles of food from the surrounding water.
Estuaries have quite variable conditions – tides, waves and salinity fluctuations affect the animals and plants that live there on a daily basis. Many animals, such as cockles, are adapted to live in these conditions. They have strong shells that protect them from wave action, drying out and the prying beaks of predators.
Coastal plants need special adaptations to survive. For example, many types of seaweed attach firmly to rocks so they are not swept away by waves. Their leaf-like fronds are tough and leathery, which helps protect them from being torn by the waves or dried out by the sun.
Dolphins are mammals, but they look very different to mammals that live on land, as they are adapted to living in water. They have a streamlined shape and fins instead of legs. They also have blowholes on the tops of their heads. They use these to breathe, rather than through their mouths and noses.
Structural (or morphological) adaptations are the physical features of the organism. These include things you can see, like its shape or body covering, as well as its internal organisation. Following are a few of the ways that marine organisms have adapted their physical features to suit a particular habitat.
Seawater is much denser than air – as a result, there are vast numbers of microscopic organisms suspended in it. Cockles, as well as many other bivalves, are filter feeders. They have adapted specialised siphon structures to filter these organisms and any other particles of food from the surrounding water.
Estuaries have quite variable conditions – tides, waves and salinity fluctuations affect the animals and plants that live there on a daily basis. Many animals, such as cockles, are adapted to live in these conditions. They have strong shells that protect them from wave action, drying out and the prying beaks of predators.
Coastal plants need special adaptations to survive. For example, many types of seaweed attach firmly to rocks so they are not swept away by waves. Their leaf-like fronds are tough and leathery, which helps protect them from being torn by the waves or dried out by the sun.
Dolphins are mammals, but they look very different to mammals that live on land, as they are adapted to living in water. They have a streamlined shape and fins instead of legs. They also have blowholes on the tops of their heads. They use these to breathe, rather than through their mouths and noses.
Physiological adaptations:
Physiological adaptations relate to how the organism’s metabolism works. These adaptations enable the organism to regulate their bodily functions, such as breathing and temperature, and perform special functions like excreting chemicals as a defence mechanism.
Some marine mammals, such as whales, migrate over large distances and may spend time in a combination of arctic, tropical and temperate waters. To cope with these temperature changes, they are endothermic or ‘warm blooded’. This means that they are able to maintain a constant body temperature that is not dependent on the surrounding water.
Slow-moving species have adaptations that help protect them from predators. For example, many marine organisms can only move slowly or not all. This means they cannot easily get away from mobile predators, and they have other adaptations to protect them from being eaten. These can include chemical defenses in their skin, for example, sea stars.
Physiological adaptations relate to how the organism’s metabolism works. These adaptations enable the organism to regulate their bodily functions, such as breathing and temperature, and perform special functions like excreting chemicals as a defence mechanism.
Some marine mammals, such as whales, migrate over large distances and may spend time in a combination of arctic, tropical and temperate waters. To cope with these temperature changes, they are endothermic or ‘warm blooded’. This means that they are able to maintain a constant body temperature that is not dependent on the surrounding water.
Slow-moving species have adaptations that help protect them from predators. For example, many marine organisms can only move slowly or not all. This means they cannot easily get away from mobile predators, and they have other adaptations to protect them from being eaten. These can include chemical defenses in their skin, for example, sea stars.
Behavioural adaptations:
Behavioural adaptations are learned or inherited behaviours that help organisms to survive, for example, the sounds made by whales allow them to communicate, navigate and hunt prey.
Bryozoan colonies are found in high numbers on the continental shelf in New Zealand. They look like plants but are actually made up of hundreds of tiny individual animals that have banded together in order to more successfully find food and survive predation.
Behavioural adaptations are learned or inherited behaviours that help organisms to survive, for example, the sounds made by whales allow them to communicate, navigate and hunt prey.
Bryozoan colonies are found in high numbers on the continental shelf in New Zealand. They look like plants but are actually made up of hundreds of tiny individual animals that have banded together in order to more successfully find food and survive predation.
Adaptation research
Task: To complete a report on a marine animal which includes the following details:
1. Common and Scientific name
2. Habitat and location
3. Diet
4. Predators
5. Adaptations - structural, physical and behavioural
6. An originally designed diagram explaining these features (you may use an image from the internet or a written text, but the labels must be your own)
You will be graded on the following three categories:
1. Common and Scientific name
2. Habitat and location
3. Diet
4. Predators
5. Adaptations - structural, physical and behavioural
6. An originally designed diagram explaining these features (you may use an image from the internet or a written text, but the labels must be your own)
You will be graded on the following three categories:
Here is a list of possible marine plants/animals you may choose from:
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Apply you adaptation knowledge
Task: Explain how the physical features and adaptations of a Sea Turtle help it to survive in a changing environment providing examples for your reasons.